ABSTRACT
As the limit of the usage of available forest land, cultivated ginseng in the farmland would become the mainly Panax ginseng planting mode, meanwhile the non-polluted production technology would be the mainly development direction in the future. In this study, the non-polluted cultivation technology system of P. ginseng was established based on the research results of field investigation in the cultivated regions. The system includes suitable planting regions selecting, planting method, field management, pest control, harvesting & processing, and quality control. Aimed at the serious issues in the cultivation, research strategies have been provided to guarantee the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. The patterns of soil restoration after P. ginseng cultivation, establishment the platform of comprehensive disease & pest control, breeding new varieties for high stress tolerance and resistance, and a traceability system for P. ginseng cultivation. In all, these strategies was considered to largely developing of the ginseng industry in the green and sustainable way.
ABSTRACT
This study has revealed the change of the soil micro-ecology of farmlands, which used for ginseng cultivation, brought by comprehensive soil improvement. The process of soil improvement was described as follows： soil was sterilized using trichloronitromethane, and then perilla seeds were planted. After growing up, the perillas were turned over into the field and fermented, then organic fertilizer was added. Rotary tillages were carried out during the intervals. Physical and chemical properties of treated soil were measured, as well as microbial diversity, which was illustrated using 16s high through-put sequencing. The survival rate and growth data of ginseng seedlings were recorded. The analysis showed that after improvement, the soil organic matter content was increased and soil bulk density was decreased, compare to the controls, and the fertility in 0-20 cm of soil layer was increased in the treatment. Additionally, the soil microbial diversity was changed greatly. In detail, alpha diversity of the soil decreased after soil improvement while the beta diversity increased. In order to verify the achievement of soil improvement, ginseng seedlings were planted. Compared to the untreated land blocks, the survival rate of ginseng on improved blocks was increased up to 21.4%, and the ginseng physiological index were all better than the controls. Results showed that comprehensive soil improvements including soil sterilization, green manure planting and organic fertilization application effectively improved the soil micro-ecology in farmlands. This study will pave the way for the future standardization of ginseng cultivation on farmlands.
ABSTRACT
Root rot is one of the major diseases of Panax ginseng cultivated in northeastern farmlands. This study aims to identify pathogens that causing ginseng root rot disease, verify inhibiting effects of perilla crude extracts on the pathogens and present the basis for control of ginseng root rot. The species of root rot pathogens was isolated using the tissue isolation. The morphological analysis showed that the strain contained two forms of conidia, one was sickle-shaped or columnar and the other was large oval. There were obvious separations in the conidia. Based on the molecular analysis, sequence of 18s rDNA from this strain showed 100% homology with that of Fusarium oxysporum JF807402.1 by Blast. The results confirmed that F. oxysporum was the pathogenic strain for root rot of ginseng cultivated in farmlands. Inhibiting effects of perilla crude extracts were evaluated by the method of Oxford cup. The results indicated that 0.50 g•L⁻¹ of the perilla crude extract showed better sensitivity on the pathogenic strain, and its bacteriostatic diameters were 11.75 mm. The species of root rot pathogens of ginseng cultivated in farmlands was confirmed in this study. Our results presented materials for exploitation of botanical pesticide against root rot, and guaranteed the successful development of ginseng cultivated in farmland.
ABSTRACT
This study analysed the changes of the soil micro-ecology in the process of soil sterilization, green manure returning farmlands and fertilization. The methods of soil improvement was initially built which ensured the successful proceed of ginseng cultivation in farmlands. The soil chemical properties were analysed, the diversity and composition of bacterial community after soil sterilization, sterilization+green manure returning farmlands and sterilization+green manure returning farmlands+fertilization. The results exhibited that measures of soil improvement decreased the pH, increased soil fertility, declined the diversity of bacterial community and changed the composition of soil bacterial community. The comprehensive measures of sterilization+green manure returning farmlands+fertilization decreased the ginseng death rate compared to the control. Our data indicated that soil micro-ecological environment was changed by the treatments of soil sterilization, sterilization+green manure returning farmlands and sterilization+green manure returning farmlands+fertilization, and comprehensive measures improved the survival rate and guaranteed the development of ginseng cultivation in farmlands.